Lewis Carroll is the pseudonym of the English writer and mathematician Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, b. Jan. 27, 1832, d. Jan. 14, 1898, known especially for ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND (1865) and THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS (1872), children's books that are also distinguished as satire and as examples of verbal wit. Carroll invented his pen name by translating his first two names into the Latin "Carolus Lodovicus" and then anglicizing it into "Lewis Carroll."

The son of a clergyman and the firstborn of 11 children, Carroll began at an early age to entertain himself and his family with magic tricks, marionette shows, and poems written for homemade newspapers. From 1846 to 1850 he attended Rugby School; he graduated from Christ Church College, Oxford, in 1854. Carroll remained there, lecturing on mathematics and writing treatises and guides for students. Although he took deacon's orders in 1861, Carroll was never ordained a priest, partly because he was afflicted with a stammer that made preaching difficult and partly, perhaps, because he had discovered other interests.

Among Carroll's avocations was photography, at which he became proficient. He excelled especially at photographing children. Alice Liddell, one of the three daughters of Henry George Liddell, the dean of Christ Church, was one of his photographic subjects and the model for the fictional Alice.

Carroll's comic and children's works also include The Hunting of the Snark (1876), two collections of humorous verse, and the two parts of Sylvie and Bruno (1889, 1893), unsuccessful attempts to re-create the Alice fantasies.

As a mathematician, Carroll was conservative and derivative. As a logician, he was more interested in logic as a game than as an instrument for testing reason. In his diversions as a photographer and author of comic fantasy, he is most memorable and original--the man who, for example, contributed, in "Jabberwocky," the word chortle, a portmanteau word that combines "snort" and "chuckle," to the English language. DONALD J. GRAY

Bibliography: Bloom, Harold, ed., Lewis Carroll (1987); Carroll, Lewis, The Diaries of Lewis Carroll, ed. by Roger Green (1954), and The letters of Lewis Carroll, 2 vols., ed. by M. H. Cohen and R. L. Green (1979); Collingwood, Stuart Dodgson, The Life and Letters of Lewis Carroll (1898; repr. 1967); Gardner, Martin, ed., The Annotated Alice (1960); Gernsheim, Helmut, Lewis Carroll, Photographer, rev. ed. (1969); Guiliano, Edward, ed., Lewis Carroll Observed (1976); Guiliano, Edward, and Kincaid, James, eds., Soaring with the Dodo: Essays on Lewis Carroll's Life and Art (1982); Lennon, Florence B., The Life of Lewis Carroll, 3d ed. (1972); Phillips, Robert S., ed., Aspects of Alice (1971); Pudney, John, Lewis Carroll and His World (1976); Williams, Sidney H., and Green, Roger L., The Lewis Carroll Handbook, rev. ed. (1962); Wood, James P., The Snark Was a Boojum: A Life of Lewis Carroll (1966).

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